In 1542, for the second time, he succeeded in winning over Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who then issued the most controversial rules of his reign, the New Laws, which ordered the immediate freeing of indigenous slaves and the extinction of the encomienda upon the death of its original recipient. Upon his return to Spain, Las Casas continued his campaigns for peaceful proselytization. Once again, he scored a temporary political victory when the king imposed a temporary ban on these raids. However, Las Casas spent less time developing methods for nonviolent conversion than he did attacking local slave-raiding Spaniards. ![]() In this venture, a single town in present-day Nicaragua converted peacefully to Christianity. Despite its inevitable failure, Las Casas successfully lobbied for a similar expedition fourteen years later. In 1521, Las Casas was instrumental in obtaining royal support for a utopian Spanish settlement on the coast of Venezuela. Initially, Cardinal-regent Francisco Ximénez de Cisneros sympathized with Las Casas’s recommendations for ecclesiastical oversight of the administration of the island of Hispaniola, although he ultimately embraced a plan that fell short of Las Casas’s goals. In this respect, the coining of the term Black Legend forms part of the broader early-twentieth-century valorization of Hispanic traditions, thus forming company with José Rodó’s rereading of Shakespeare’s The Tempest and the poetry of Ruben Darío.Ĭastro notes that Las Casas’s political fortunes waxed and waned in the contentious environment of the Spanish court, although he achieved political victories that few others obtained. Following Spain’s defeat in the 1898 war, Julian Juderías and others saw the politically motivated depiction of Spanish brutality as forming part of an historical pattern. It first appeared in response to the propaganda war the Hearst newspapers waged against Spain prior to the Spanish-American War-citing Spanish torture, rape, and concentration camps established in Cuba. Castro reminds us, however, that the term Black Legend, now often used to characterize this position, actually originated far more recently. As they were preparing to launch their own imperial adventure, Tudor English writers embraced Las Casas’s attacks on the Spanish military enterprise. By criticizing the conquest forcefully, Las Casas inadvertently provided powerful political ammunition for Spain’s enemies. ![]() Not all of Las Casas’s writings have been viewed so favorably. Contemporary advocates of better treatment for native peoples have often identified Las Casas as a heroic advocate of Spanish colonization’s most positive attribute. Criticisms of the military conquest and labor regimes that brutalized the natives usually considered that Catholicism, for all its flaws, benefited indigenous people. For most of the twentieth century, writers critical of the conquest in other respects nonetheless embraced the introduction of Catholicism as constructive. Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Daniel Castro’s book belongs to the growing body of literature reevaluating Bartolomé de Las Casas’s contributions to Spanish evangelization of America.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.
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